The ecosystem-based management of boreal forest in Quebec
(june 2010)
The ecosystem-based management concept is relatively recent in Quebec. Its gradual setting-up joins in the renewal of the forest practices to answer more adequately the ecological concerns inherent to the concept of sustainable forest development, which contains legal fondations in the law on forests.
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The certification of the forest surfaces in Canada
(march 2010)
The certification of the forest surfaces appears as a voluntary and transparent process to establish a frame of management in compliance with the principles of sustainable development of forests. The forest certification aims at guaranteeing that forests are managed in the respect for the on a local scale regional and national values.
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The tests of hypothesis
In this stage, the different analyses realized on the corpus are strictly of quantitative nature. These analyses notably allow to observe the disparities between the social groups and the emergence of phenomena typified representationals. It is a question here, not to explain a phenomenon but at first to establish the existence.
To demonstrate the existence of a causal link between two variables from a simple statistical exercise can turn out difficult, see impossible. Although envisaged in the theory, the objective of the method is not to demonstrate that the membership in a group of actors influences the membership in elements of representations more than to the others but only to establish that fact of the membership in a given group and that of the membership in a model typified representational establish variables inter connected. In statistical inference, we take into account it. So, to avoid this logical difficulty relative to the hypothesis according to which there is a direct link between two variables, we shall consider at first, the hypothesis of independence which can be countered. We thus hold the hypothesis of independence as useless hypothesis (H0) and the hypothesis of dependence or the research hypothesis (H1). The hypothesis no is the one who will be subjected to the check.
We arrange all the results obtained during the lexicometric analysis, inside tables of concordance. So, for every system of foundations, and for every system of classification of the actors, we arrange the memories which establish the corpus in abscissa and foundations ordered. In reference to the methods of Lickert and Thurstone, one converted the raw data so as to obtain a sum of the balanced results.
Location of lexicometric indicators
For every group of actors of every table of concordance, we establish the mean value of every foundation, the distance-type as well as counts it of reports held in the group. These data become essential in the realization of the tests of hypotheses. The statistical tests will rest essentially on a comparison of the average ratios, according to the normal law of distribution of the results. For every pair of groups of actors and for every foundation, we verify the probability that a foundation maintained by an individual of a group can be maintained with the same intensity, by an individual belonging to another group. The lower graphs represent respectively likely and not very probable situations, if we compare two texts between them.
Not very probable situation
Likely probable situation
The lexicometric analysis or quantitative
The tests of hypothesis
